Arms exports: toward stronger EU oversight of Member States
The European Parliament is considering an initiative aimed at strengthening the European Union’s role in controlling arms exports carried out by Member States. The proposal relies on amendments to Directives 2009/43/EC and 2009/81/EC, which govern intra-EU transfers of defence-related products and defence procurement.
The stated objective is to harmonize approval and certification procedures at EU level for defence production and export licenses. In practice, this could result in an expanded role for the European Commission in an area traditionally managed at national level.
The issue is particularly sensitive for France. As the world’s second-largest arms exporter, France views defence export control as a strategic sovereign prerogative, closely linked to foreign policy, national security and industrial partnerships.
Key implications
If adopted, the amendment could lead to several significant consequences:
A reduction in national discretion over defence export decisions.
Potential impacts on strategic partnerships with third countries, particularly in regions such as the Middle East.
Greater centralization of export decisions in Brussels, within a political environment shaped by EU-level interests and lobbying dynamics.
More broadly, the proposal illustrates the ongoing challenge of balancing national sovereignty with EU-wide harmonization, especially in highly sensitive sectors such as defence and security.
Legislative outlook
The proposal remains at an early stage. Following the European Parliament’s position, the Council of the European Union will assess the text. A trilogue process involving the Commission, Council and Parliament will then take place. At this stage, Member States retain significant influence and may still support, amend or firmly oppose the initiative.